红茶茶黄素类化合物的高效液相色谱-光电二极管阵列检测

用高效相色谱(HPLC)与光电二极管阵列检测器耦联分析了红茶茶黄素类化合物(TF.).分离并检出了茶黄素(TF)、茶黄素-3-没食子酸酯(TF3G)、茶黄素-3′-没食子酸酯(TF3′G)和茶黄素-3,3′-二没食子酸酯(TF3,3′DG)4种茶黄素类化合物.并讨论了茶黄素类和茶红素类(TR_5)分光光度测定的适宜波长等问题.     

DRS超声动物妊娠检查仪直肠内诊断乳牛早期妊娠的初步研究

本试验利用DRS超声动物妊娠检查仪对286头奶牛进行了早期妊娠探测。总的探测准确率为93.1%。其中最早检出时间在配后15～16天。探测准确率为91.3%。配后17～21天的探测准确率为92.3％,配后31～60天的探测准确率为95.0%,未孕空怀牛的探测准确率为100％。我们认为这一方法操作简便,且能更早地作出诊断,探测准确率较高,可满足生产上的需要。     

普及和发展我国管道内检测技术

长输管道多为埋地敷设,了解管道的情况只能依靠管道内检测技术,因此,进行管道内检测十分必要。国外用Pig(所有依靠管道内流体驱动而在管道内运行的器件)进行管道内检测。Pig可分为在施工阶段和运行阶段使用的两大类。介绍了各种不同用途的Pig,并着重介绍了国外管道几何尺寸测定器的研制和使用情况,对比分析了用于测量管道壁厚的漏磁法Pig与超声波法Pig的功能、特点和适用性。根据我国管道的具体情况,指出了发展管道内检测技术的必要性和紧迫性,并提出了几点建议。     

传感器阵列对浓香型白酒发酵中黄水的检测研究

黄水是白酒在固态发酵过程的副产物,含有大量发酵产物,黄水的成分一定程度反映了固态发酵的信息。基于白酒固态发酵只能在线检测温度这一现状,设计了针对白酒副产物黄水的一种传感器阵列检测装置,用于检测黄水的总酸和残余葡萄糖。该传感器阵列由电导率传感器、pH传感器和氧化还原传感器构成。采用主成份分析、判别函数分析印证了传感器数据对不同样品的区分作用,再采用多元线性回归对黄水样品建立了预测模型,结果显示:该传感器阵列装置对黄水的总酸和残余葡萄糖的预测偏差分别为0.39和0.45。     

QTL mapping of seedling biomass and root traits under different nitrogen conditions in bread wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)

Plant nitrogen assimilation and use efficiency in the seedling's root system are beneficial for adult plants in field condition for yield enhancement. Identification of the genetic basis between root traits and N uptake plays a crucial role in wheat breeding. In the present study, 198 doubled haploid lines from the cross of Yangmai 16/Zhongmai 895 were used to identify quantitative trait loci(QTLs) underpinning four seedling biomass traits and five root system architecture(RSA) related traits. The plants were grown under hydroponic conditions with control, low and high N treatments(Ca(NO_3)_2·4H_2 O at 0, 0.05 and 2.0 mmol L~(-1), respectively). Significant variations among the treatments and genotypes, and positive correlations between seedling biomass and RSA traits(r=0.20 to 0.98) were observed. Inclusive composite interval mapping based on a high-density map from the Wheat 660 K single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNP) array identified 51 QTLs from the three N treatments. Twelve new QTLs detected on chromosomes 1 AL(1) in the control, 1 DS(2) in high N treatment, 4 BL(5) in low and high N treatments, and 7 DS(3) and 7 DL(1) in low N treatments, are first reported in influencing the root and biomass related traits for N uptake. The most stable QTLs(RRS.caas-4 DS) on chromosome 4 DS, which were related to ratio of root to shoot dry weight trait, was in close proximity of the Rht-D1 gene, and it showed high phenotypic effects, explaining 13.1% of the phenotypic variance. Twenty-eight QTLs were clustered in 12 genetic regions. SNP markers tightly linked to two important QTLs clusters C10 and C11 on chromosomes 6 BL and 7 BL were converted to kompetitive allele-specific PCR(KASP) assays that underpin important traits in root development, including root dry weight, root surface area and shoot dry weight. These QTLs, clusters and KASP assays can greatly improve the efficiency of selection for root traits in wheat breeding programmes.     

基于Maize6H-60K芯片精准分型的玉米DH群体遗传规律研究

为解析玉米双单倍体(doubled haploid,DH)群体的遗传规律,使用自主研发的精准分型策略对‘先玉335’DH群体的Maize6H-60K芯片结果进行筛选校正和解析。结果表明:1)通过剔除单态、杂合、缺失标记,使用精准分型策略对标记准确聚类,获得的18 947个SNPs标记覆盖玉米全基因组。2)该群体在10条染色体上平均交换次数为1.84~1.03次,在6号染色体随体区域的交换次数显著减少。3)该群体在1、2、3、8号染色体上存在明显的偏分离现象;通过高频次、高密度的交换,染色体两臂端粒区域理论分离系数表现出回归到50%的趋势。利用获得的重组交换及分离规律可提高从DH群体中筛选到预期育种材料的准确性。     

晋中市耕地质量空间分异格局与影响因素研究

耕地质量空间分异格局分析对提升耕地保护有效性具有现实意义。以晋中市2794个行政村为研究单元,基于2017年晋中市国家耕地质量评价结果,采用累积分布函数、空间自相关、地理探测器及GIS分组分析等方法,分析晋中市耕地质量空间分异特征及16个因子对其影响及交互作用。研究表明：耕地规模由晋中西部平原地区向东部山区呈“梯度递减”;耕地质量偏向低值集聚,空间正相关性集聚特征显著,其中HH型主要分布在晋中北部及西部,LL型主要分布在东南部及西南部;集聚类型与耕地国家经济等指数分布保持空间一致性。耕地质量空间分异与影响因子密切相关,是多个因子交互作用的结果;从市域看,自然要素的解释力度较强;双因子交互作用驱动力强于单因子,且以非线性增强为主。基于耕地质量空间分异特征,将晋中市分为耕地高质量区、中质量区和低质量区;高质量区的主导因素为有效土层厚度和田块平整度,属自然要素及工程要素驱动型;中质量区的主导因素为有效土层厚度、单位面积农业机械投入量和灌溉保证率,属综合要素驱动型;低质量区的主导因素为地貌、坡度、耕作距离、灌溉保证率和田块平整度,属综合要素驱动型。     

模块表达序列标签技术的建立及相关水稻cDNA阵列的应用

 提出了一种新的表达序列标签制作技术——模块表达序列标签（M EST）技术，利用该技术短时间内分离完成1985条水稻cDNA片段，制备完成相应的水稻cDNA阵列。实验证实：该技术体系能成功分离目的基因，正确检测基因表达丰度的改变，并具备通过对基因群体表达模式的监测以实现对生物学事件的精确描述。M-EST概念是对EST技术的完善和重要补充，运用M-EST技术能有效利用生物信息学知识，加快基因克隆速率，为基因功能的研究提供手段和工具。关键词:     

浙江省全域土地综合整治试点时空分异格局及影响因素分析

为探究浙江省全域土地综合试点的空间分布格局与影响因素,优化全域土地综合试点布局,基于2019—2021年浙江省全域土地综合整治试点POI数据,运用平均最近邻、标准差椭圆、核密度、网格维数法系统分析浙江省全域土地综合整治试点时空分布特征,并利用地理探测器模型探究其主要影响因素。结果表明：1）浙江省全域土地综合整治试点整体呈集聚分布状态;集聚过程中连片分布特征呈不断加强趋势,由嘉兴市、衢州市和台州市“三核心”变化为以嘉兴市、湖州市和绍兴市为核心的连片高密度区;2）浙江省全域土地综合整治试点在空间分布上概率不等,分形结构复杂,存在局部围绕平原地区集聚情况;重心逐渐由东南向西北迁移,移动幅度逐渐变小;3）政策文件数、农作物播种面积、人均GDP、地形起伏度和城镇化率是影响浙江省全域土地综合整治试点空间分布的主要因素,影响强度依次递减,且影响因子的交互作用大于单因子对试点空间分布的影响。本研究可为浙江省优化国土空间布局和深化全域土地综合整治政策提供科学依据。     

Recording cerebellar neuron activities in swimming goldfish

ABSTRACT:   Neuronal activities were investigated in the cerebellum of immobilized and swimming goldfish Carassius auratus . Extracellularly recorded neural activities of the cerebellum in immobilized goldfish were characterized and classified into five types. Based on the waveforms and recording depths, these five neural activity types were estimated to originate from three identified classes of cerebellar neurons: Purkinje cells, eurydendroid cells, and granule cells. Chronic recording of cerebellar neuron activities in unrestrained goldfish was performed for more than 100 h. During the chronic recordings, a submersible amplifier attached to the goldfish head, and a multielectrode array developed for the present study were used. Neuronal activities in the cerebellum of free-swimming fish could also be classified into five types as in the immobilized condition. Firing patterns of two neurons identified as Purkinje cells and eurydendroid cells were analyzed during turning movements of the goldfish. The firing patterns of these neurons changed in relation to turning movements. Although some improvements are required, the chronic recording method developed in the present study can be applied to further investigations concerning the direct relationship between brain neural activities and certain behavior.